Perfiles de función y discapacidad en pacientes adultos con cáncer atendidos en consulta externa de rehabilitación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35509/01239015.751Palabras clave:
Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud, neoplasias, rehabilitación, evaluación de necesidadesResumen
Objetivo: describir los perfiles funcionales de los pacientes mayores de 18 años atendidos en la consulta externa de rehabilitación oncológica.
Método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Selección de historias clínicas con muestreo aleatorio estratificado según grupos diagnósticos. Construcción de perfiles mediante análisis de correspondencia múltiple.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 260 historias clínicas de las 1.907 disponibles. Los grupos diagnósticos con mayor participación fueron cáncer de mama, cabeza y cuello y genitourinario; la mayoría de los pacientes se encontraban con enfermedad avanzada por compromiso metastásico o progresión ganglionar. El nivel funcional predominante fue la independencia y dependencia leve, con índices de Karnofsky entre 80 y 90. El grupo con enfermedad metastásica se comportó de forma heterogénea en cuanto a sus niveles de independencia y compromiso funcional. En la construcción de los perfiles funcionales, las variables con mayor inercia estadística fueron el grupo diagnóstico, estadio de la enfermedad, alteraciones estructurales, restricciones en actividades y participación y alteraciones funcionales. No se pudieron construir perfiles funcionales para los pacientes en fase diagnóstica y sobrevivientes, por no contar con una muestra representativa.
Conclusión: La construcción de los perfiles funcionales en los pacientes con cáncer es una tarea necesaria para establecer estrategias de evaluación y seguimiento de rehabilitación, además de orientar la evaluación de desenlaces del tratamiento oncológico. Esta tarea debe realizarse para cada uno de los grupos diagnósticos de forma independiente. Es necesario profundizar en patologías con alto costo funcional, como el mieloma múltiple y los tumores del sistema nervioso.
Biografía del autor/a
Anamaría Hernández-Rivera, Grupo Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
1. Grupo Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Miguel Mauricio Moreno, Grupo Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
1. Grupo Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Ángela Suárez-Moya, Grupo Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
1. Grupo Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
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