Hormonoterapia adyuvante en cáncer de mama. Revisión de la Evidencia y Abordaje Terapéutico en el Instituto Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35509/01239015.746Palabras clave:
cáncer de mama, adyuvancia, agentes hormonales antineoplasicos, premenopausia, postmenopausiaResumen
El cáncer de mama es el cáncer más frecuentemente diagnosticado en las mujeres alrededor del planeta. Según GLOBOCAN 2020, su incidencia y mortalidad a nivel mundial están calculadas en 47.8 y 13.6 por cada 100 mil mujeres, respectivamente; para Colombia, la incidencia estimada es de 48.3 por cada 100 mil mujeres y la mortalidad de 13.1 por cada 100 mil mujeres. Cerca del 70% del cáncer de mama expresa receptores hormonales (RH+) y es suceptible de manejo con terapia hormonal, la cual mejora los desenlaces clínicos de las pacientes en los escenarios adyuvante y metastásico. Específicamente, en la adyuvancia los estudios han demostrado que la hormonoterapia disminuye en casi un 50% el riesgo de recaída y en un 30% el riesgo de muerte después de 10 años de seguimiento. Para esta actualización, se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en dos de las bases de datos bibliográficas más influyentes, seleccionando posteriormente los ensayos clínicos, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis más relevantes sobre el tema. Finalmente, se realizaron reuniones conjuntas entre las Unidades Funcionales de Seno y Tejidos Blandos y Oncología Clínica del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia (INC), logrando establecer el abordaje terapéutico en el escenario adyuvante para las pacientes pre y posmenopáusicas con cáncer de mama RH+, discriminando cada recomendación en relación al riesgo de recidiva.
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