Niveles séricos de pepsinógeno y su capacidad diagnóstica de atrofia gástrica en diferentes poblaciones colombianas

Autores/as

  • Teresa Martínez Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
  • María Mercedes Bravo Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
  • Diana Leandra Núñez Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
  • Gustavo A. Hernández Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
  • Margarita Camorlinga Hospital de Pediatría CMN siglo XXI

Palabras clave:

Pepsinógeno, Helicobacter pylori, Atrofia gástrica

Resumen

Objetivo: Caracterizar los niveles de pepsinógeno y evaluar la capacidad de discriminación del PGI y la relación PGI/PGII para el diagnóstico serológico de atrofia gástrica en diferentes poblaciones colombianas.
Materiales y métodos: Participaron 600 sujetos sin sintomatología gástrica y se analizaron 544 muestras de pacientes con sintomatología gástrica provenientes de diferentes poblaciones con riesgos opuestos para cáncer gástrico. A todos los participantes se les tomó muestra de sangre. En los pacientes se obtuvieron biopsias de antro y cuerpo para su diagnóstico inicial de lesiones gastroduodenales. Los niveles de pepsinógeno y la serología de Helicobacter pylori se estimaron con pruebas de ELISA. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney, curva ROC y valores diagnósticos.
Resultados: Los niveles de pepsinógeno en pacientes y sujetos asintomáticos difieren según la zona de riesgo de procedencia. Los niveles de PGI, PGII y PGI/PGII disminuyeron a medida que aumenta la severidad del diagnóstico histológico (p < 0,005), al igual que con el grado de severidad de la atrofia y la localización multifocal (p≤0,001). El PGI ≤86,68 y PGI/PGII ≤3,19 con un área bajo la curva de 0,76 identificó pacientes con atrofia severa multifocal, serología positiva para H. pylori y procedentes de la zona de riesgo alto, con sensibilidad de 77,5% y especificidad de 71,74%.
Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que los niveles de PGI, PGI/PGII conjuntamente con serología H. pylori positiva podrían ser considerados para la detección de atrofia severa en pacientes de la zona de riesgo alto. Se necesita otros estudios en poblaciones de riesgo alto.

Biografía del autor/a

Teresa Martínez, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología

Grupo de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia

María Mercedes Bravo, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología

Grupo de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia

Diana Leandra Núñez, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología

Grupo de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia

Gustavo A. Hernández, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología

Grupo de Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia

Margarita Camorlinga, Hospital de Pediatría CMN siglo XXI

Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría CMN siglo XXI, Ciudad de México, México

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Cómo citar

[1]
Martínez T. et al. 2014. Niveles séricos de pepsinógeno y su capacidad diagnóstica de atrofia gástrica en diferentes poblaciones colombianas. Revista Colombiana de Cancerología. 18, 4 (dic. 2014), 166–178.

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01-12-2014

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