MicroRNA circulantes como potenciales biomarcadores en cáncer
Palabras clave:
MicroRNA circulantes, Detección temprana, Cáncer, Biomarcadores, PronósticoResumen
El cáncer es reconocido como una de las principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial teniendo así un impacto significativo en la salud pública. Una disminución en la mortalidad por esta enfermedad se ha asociado con estrategias exitosas de detección temprana; sin embargo, debido a que estas son invasivas, altamente complejas y registran baja especificidad, su aplicación ha sido limitada. Los microRNA (miRNA) son RNA no codificantes de secuencias cortas, capaces de regular la expresión génica. Los mecanismos moleculares de los miRNA en cáncer aún no están totalmente clarificados, pero patrones específicos de la expresión de estos han sido asociados con muchos tipos de tumores. Los miRNA como biomarcadores pueden ayudar a identificar el origen de un tumor, realizar detección temprana, predecir la progresión de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento. La presencia y estabilidad de los miRNA en la sangre, como miRNA circulantes, son los principales factores que contribuyen a su uso potencial como biomarcadores en un contexto clínico. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión sobre los miRNA circulantes en cáncer.
Biografía del autor/a
Javier Ardila Molano, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Grupo Área de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Instituto de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Milena Vizcaino, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Grupo Área de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Martha Lucia Serrano, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología
Grupo Área de Investigaciones, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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