Ejercicio terapéutico en leucemia linfoblástica aguda pediátrica: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35509/01239015.1153Palabras clave:
leucemia-linfoma linfoblástico de células T precursoras, leucemia-linfoma linfoblástico de células precursoras, terapia por ejercicio, especialidad de fisioterapiaResumen
La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) es el cáncer infantil más frecuente y un desafío clínico y funcional relevante; mientras que en países desarrollados las tasas de supervivencia superan el 90 %, en Colombia rondan el 56 %. La quimioterapia, pilar terapéutico, afecta la capacidad aeróbica, la fuerza muscular, el desempeño motor y la calidad de vida de los niños. En este contexto, la fisioterapia y el ejercicio terapéutico se han propuesto como estrategias para reducir dolor, fatiga y limitaciones funcionales. Esta revisión narrativa sintetiza la evidencia sobre intervenciones intrahospitalarias de ejercicio aeróbico, fortalecimiento, flexibilidad y balance durante la quimioterapia. Los estudios revisados muestran que el ejercicio es factible, seguro y se ha asociado a mejoras en capacidad aeróbica, fuerza, funcionalidad y calidad de vida. Aunque la heterogeneidad metodológica y la limitada evaluación del riesgo de sesgos dificultan conclusiones definitivas, el ejercicio terapéutico se perfila como una intervención prometedora dentro del manejo fisioterapéutico integral de la LLA pediátrica.
Biografía del autor/a
Sergio Alejandro Gómez-Buitrago, Semillero de Inmunología y Fisiología en Fisioterapia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
1. Semillero de Inmunología y Fisiología en Fisioterapia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Maritza Quijano-Cuellar, Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
2. Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Marco Alejandro Méndez-Gutiérrez, Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
2. Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Amparo Arelis Fajardo-Villafaña, Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
2. Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Henry Mauricio Parada-Gereda, Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición Clínica y Rehabilitación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas - Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
3. Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición Clínica y Rehabilitación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas - Clínica Colsanitas, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Annai Victoria Carrillo-Miranda, Estudiante del pregrado en Fisioterapia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia.
4. Estudiante del pregrado en Fisioterapia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C, Colombia.
Luz Aleyda Beltran-Calvo, Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
2. Rehabilitación y Terapias, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
Ivon Johanna Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Grupo de Profundización en Kinesioterapia, Departamento del Movimiento Corporal Humano y sus Desórdenes, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
5. Grupo de Profundización en Kinesioterapia, Departamento del Movimiento Corporal Humano y sus Desórdenes, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
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